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The wind, phlegm, and blood stasis are important pathogenic factors of cough variant asthma in children, and they are also the pathological products in the occurrence and development of this disease. They have typical pathogenic characteristics. The main pathogenesis characteristics of cough caused by wind, phlegm and blood stasis are as follows that external wind attacks the lungs and induces internal wind, phlegm and dampness accumulates in the lungs, and the lungs fail to declare and descend, and blood stasis obstructs the collaterals and stagnation of Qi. The wind, phlegm, and blood stasis have their own pathogenic characteristics, and their cough-causing also have their own pathogenic characteristics and clinical characteristics. Based on the characteristics of wind, phlegm, and blood stasis, the application of medicine based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs can effectively prevent and treat this disease, and provide theoretical basis and treatment ideas for the treatment of cough variant asthma in children with Chinese medicine.
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Objective:To investigate the protective effect of baicalein on injured PC12 cell induced by Aβ and explore its mechanism.Methods:The method of MTT was used to detect the cell activity of each group and screened the concentration of baicalein. The PC12 cells were randomly divided into the blank group, the Aβ group, the baicalin group and the estradiol group. 24 hours after inoculation, baicalein group was intervened with 1×10 -6 mol/L baicalein solution, and estradiol group was intervened with 1×10 -5 mol/L estradiol solution. Two hours later, except the blank group, the other groups were added with 1.5×10 -4 mol/L Aβ to make the model. MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of each group after 24 hours of cultivation. Then used oxidation kit to detect the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in each group. And the level of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Then the Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT and caspase-3. Results:Compared with the Aβ group, the PC12 cell viability [(96.348 ± 0.571)%, (97.183 ± 0.714)% vs. (86.922 ± 0.429)%] in the baicalin group and the estradiol group significantly increased( P<0.01). The activities of SOD [(54.31 ± 1.34) U/mgprot, (57.38 ± 2.25) U/mgprot vs. (36.18 ± 2.24) U/mgprot] and GSH-PX [(4.46 ± 0.23) U/mgprot, (4.72 ± 0.31) U/mgprot vs. (2.05 ± 0.37) U/mgprot] significantly increased, and the level of LDH [(85.43 ± 0.92) nmol/ml, (82.46 ± 0.27) nmol/ml vs. (99.17 ± 0.52) nmol/ml] significantly decreased ( P<0.01). The expression of caspase-3 mRNA (2.24 ± 0.64, 2.33 ± 0.75 vs. 3.46 ± 0.46) and p-PI3K (0.46 ± 0.03, 0.44 ± 0.06 vs. 0.66 ± 0.09), p-AKT (0.43 ± 0.05, 0.41 ± 0.02 vs. 0.58 ± 0.03), caspase-3 (0.61 ± 0.03, 0.56 ± 0.53 vs. 0.92 ± 0.07) protein significantly decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Baicalein could slow down cell apoptosis and oxidative reaction, reduce the damage of Aβ to PC12 cells by inhibiting the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Objective To explore the distribution of sex, month of onset and type of infection virus in children with hand, foot and mouth disease of different TCM syndromes in Heilongjiang province. Methods A total of 2 688 hospitalized children who met the admission criteria in the Infectious Disease Department of Harbin Infectious Disease Hospital from September 1, 2014 to August 31, 2016 were selected. The TCM syndrome differentiation according to the clinical manifestations of children on the day of admission. The distribution of sex, month of onset and type of infection virus in children with different syndrome types were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) was more common in males than females in Heilongjiang, with a ratio of 1.58:1. Children of all sexes with hand, foot and mouth disease in Heilongjiang were predominantly with lung-defense syndrome. The incidence of lung-defense syndrome, lung-stomach heat syndrome, damp-heat syndrome and heart-spleen heat syndrome were the majority among the children aged 1-4 years, and the lung-defense syndrome was the highest proportion. From July to September, most of the cases occurred, especially in the case of lung-defense syndrome. Pathogenic tests showed that 1 456 cases were enterovirus universal RNA positive, 203 cases were enterovirus 71 positive and 108 cases were coxsackievirus A16 positive. The most common pathogens of the three pathogens were pathogenic lung-defense syndrome. Conclusions herewere some differences in age, time and virus infection among 2 688 children with hand, foot and mouth disease of different TCM syndromes in Heilongjiang, which may be related to region and climate.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin in Kangzhi syrup. Methods:The separation was performed on a Waters ODS2(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution(containing 0.1% triethylamine) with gradient elution,the detection wavelength was at 205 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 30℃. Results: Ephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin was linear within the range of 0.169-3.380 μg(r=0.999 9)and 0.141-2.820 μg(r=0.999 7), respectively.The average recovery of e-phedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin was 98.8% and 99.1% with the RSD of 1.93% and 1.22%(n=6), respectively.Conclu-sion:The method is rapid and accurate for the simultaneous analysis of ephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin, which can provide a reliable way for the quality control for Kangzhi syrup.
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@#Ten compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of Houttuynia cordata by silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties as well as spectral data. These isolated compounds were elucidated as sequinoside L(1), a new phenolic glycoside, together with nine known compounds, including sequinoside K(2), methyl chlorogenate(3), chlorogenic acid(4), hydroquinone(5), vanillic acid(6), hyperin(7), isoquercitrin(8), quercetin(9), and quercitrin(10). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-10 were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 6 and 9 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity which was similar to that of positive control dexamethasone.